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A new international study, published Friday in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, found that most men who live with prostate cancer tumours die from other causes, suggesting that a large number of the tumours are not life-threatening.
The study was led by Dr. Alexandre Zlotta, Director of Uro-Oncology at Mount Sinai Hospital’s Murray Koffler Urologic Wellness Centre and a scientist with Mount Sinai’s Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute.
The Mount Sinai team underwent a posthumous study of 320 prostate glands from 220 Caucasian Russian men around 62 years of age and 100 Asian men with an average age of 68.
The Russian men shared similar traits with Caucasian men living in North America, such as reduced sun exposure and a high-fat diet, both of which have been associated with prostate cancer. Researchers also looked at Japanese Asian men, who have a lower rate of the disease and eat a different diet.
While none of the men were known prostate cancer patients, the study showed that nearly 50% harboured prostate cancer at the time of their deaths, but nonetheless died of other causes.
In North America, men with clinically significant prostate cancer are offered radical treatment usually in the form of surgery or radiation – and there are heavy personal tolls to these treatments
What made these two populations worth studying is that researchers found that despite differences in mortality rates, genetics and lifestyle factors, the rates of prostate cancer were similar. In fact, the prostate glands from Asian men showed a more aggressive form of the disease. North American doctors would normally recommend surgery or radiation treatment for the tumor characteristics found in the autopsied prostates; however, the men died of other causes.
“In North America, men with clinically significant prostate cancer are offered radical treatment usually in the form of surgery or radiation – and there are heavy personal tolls to these treatments,” Dr. Zlotta said in a statement. “But our study shows that in Japan, despite completely different lifestyles, despite a much lower incidence of clinically detected prostate cancer, and a much lower mortality rate due to prostate cancer compared to men in North America, Asian men have similar prevalence of the disease – but they aren’t dying from it.”
http://jnci.oxfordjournals.org/content/105/14/1050
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